The Queen joined Prime Minister David Cameron and his colleagues at his London office, number 10 Downing Street, as part of her diamond jubilee celebrations.
Her visit, as an observer to the weekly meeting, lasted for about 30 minutes.
She was presented with 60 place mats, one for every year of her reign.
A previously-unnamed British section of the Antarctic is also to be renamed Queen Elizabeth Land in her honour.
The visit has stirred some controversy. One constitutional expert described her appearance as "inappropriate".
The last monarch to attend a cabinet meeting was George III during the American War of Independence, although one historian claims Queen Victoria also took part in one meeting during her reign.
Source: Euronews
